{"id":2035,"date":"2025-04-12T08:30:04","date_gmt":"2025-04-12T08:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/juanbutten.com\/?p=2035"},"modified":"2025-04-12T08:30:04","modified_gmt":"2025-04-12T08:30:04","slug":"moms-book","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/juanbutten.com\/es\/moms-book\/","title":{"rendered":"El libro de mam\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

por Juan Butten<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recuerdo a mam\u00e1 leyendo un viejo libro. Era un libro que la acompa\u00f1\u00f3 por varias semanas por toda la casa: desde su habitaci\u00f3n hasta la cocina, desde la galer\u00eda hasta la sala. La recuerdo leyendo a plenitud en el mueble rojo de la sala. Lo llevaba de un lado a otro, a todas partes. Para marcar sus p\u00e1ginas, usaba un dibujo hecho en una cartulina amarilla, de aproximadamente 6 por 9 pulgadas. Yo se lo hab\u00eda pintado con mis l\u00e1pices de colores: su nombre, Yolanda<\/em>formado por muchas flores peque\u00f1as, y debajo, en letras grandes y torpes, escrib\u00ed: \u201cTe amo, mam\u00e1\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ese dibujito, que luego utiliz\u00f3 como separador de libros, fue un regalo que le hice cuando estaba en tercero de primaria. Mi profesora de lengua espa\u00f1ola, Josefina, nos hab\u00eda pedido que prepar\u00e1ramos algo especial para celebrar el D\u00eda de las Madres, y yo le hice ese peque\u00f1o obsequio con todo el amor del mundo. Esas letras\u2026 no s\u00e9 por qu\u00e9, pero las encontraba tan bellas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasaron muchos a\u00f1os hasta que logr\u00e9 recordar el nombre del libro y el de su autor. No suelo olvidar las cosas, pero hab\u00edan pasado m\u00e1s de cuarenta a\u00f1os desde que todo eso ocurri\u00f3. En aquel momento intent\u00e9 leer ese libro, pero no pas\u00e9 de la segunda p\u00e1gina m\u00e1s de una vez. Solo recordaba vagamente c\u00f3mo comenzaba. Algo sobre una letra\u2026 algo as\u00ed. Pero la segunda parte del t\u00edtulo no la recordaba. Solo sab\u00eda que, en el inicio, hablaba de muchos hombres barbudos, vestidos con colores tristes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finalmente, en un viaje a la ciudad de Salem, en Massachusetts, a comienzos de 2024, me encontr\u00e9 con una escultura. Al leer el nombre tallado en la base, supe que ese era el autor de aquel libro que tanto acompa\u00f1\u00f3 a mam\u00e1: Nathaniel Hawthorne. El t\u00edtulo exacto lo descubr\u00ed despu\u00e9s, en una biblioteca de Nueva York, donde fui revisando libro por libro del autor hasta que di con el correcto. Lo reconoc\u00ed apenas le\u00ed el inicio. El libro se titula La letra escarlata.<\/em>Y comienza as\u00ed: \u201cUna multitud de hombres barbudos, vestidos de colores sombr\u00edos y llevando sombreros grises puntiagudos como agujas de campanario, junto a algunas mujeres con capuchas sobre la cabeza y otras sin sombrero, estaba congregada frente a un edificio de madera cuya puerta era de grueso roble tachonado con clavos de hierro.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ah\u00ed me di cuenta: ese fue el libro que ley\u00f3 con tanto fervor mi madre. Decid\u00ed entonces emprender el mismo viaje que ella. Me preguntaba c\u00f3mo hab\u00eda llegado ese libro a nuestra casa, a trav\u00e9s de qui\u00e9n. Habl\u00e9 con mi hermana mayor y ella me cont\u00f3 que mam\u00e1 lo encontr\u00f3 en las escaleras del edificio donde viv\u00edamos en aquellos a\u00f1os. Mam\u00e1 pregunt\u00f3 a todos los vecinos si era de ellos, pero nadie lo reclam\u00f3. Nadie sab\u00eda nada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hace hoy un mes, despu\u00e9s de todo este tiempo, decid\u00ed que quer\u00eda recorrer ese mismo camino. Y fue f\u00e1cil comenzar. Empec\u00e9 a leer el libro y fui descubriendo por qu\u00e9 a mam\u00e1 le gust\u00f3 tanto. El libro se perdi\u00f3 en medio de tantas mudanzas y ciclones batateros. Pero ya lo le\u00ed. Lo analic\u00e9. Y ahora quisiera compartir todo lo que entend\u00ed de \u00e9l, su influencia y lo que despert\u00f3 en m\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La letra escarlata.<\/em>, publicada en 1850, es la novela m\u00e1s c\u00e9lebre de Nathaniel Hawthorne y uno de los pilares de la literatura estadounidense. Ambientada en una comunidad puritana de la Nueva Inglaterra del siglo XVII, la obra narra la historia de Hester Prynne, una mujer condenada a llevar la letra escarlata \u201cA\u201d \u2014de \u201cad\u00faltera\u201d\u2014 bordada en el pecho como castigo por haber tenido un hijo fuera del matrimonio. Pero m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del relato superficial de un castigo social, la novela profundiza en los dilemas morales, la identidad, la hipocres\u00eda religiosa y el peso del pecado en la vida individual y colectiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los temas m\u00e1s poderosos de la obra es la diferencia entre el pecado visible, castigado p\u00fablicamente, y el pecado oculto. Hester, al ser descubierta, carga con su falta ante los ojos de todos, mientras su amante, el reverendo Arthur Dimmesdale, vive una tortura silenciosa por no confesar su responsabilidad. A trav\u00e9s de ellos, Hawthorne plantea una pregunta esencial: \u00bfes peor cometer un pecado o vivir ocult\u00e1ndolo? Dimmesdale, al no revelar su culpa, se consume f\u00edsica y emocionalmente, mientras Hester, aunque marginada, encuentra una fortaleza interior. As\u00ed, Hawthorne sugiere que la verdad, por dolorosa que sea, libera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tambi\u00e9n hay una cr\u00edtica muy clara a la hipocres\u00eda y la represi\u00f3n puritana. Hawthorne no solo expone la rigidez moral de esa sociedad, sino que desenmascara su doble cara: una comunidad que condena p\u00fablicamente el pecado mientras lo tolera \u2014e incluso lo protege\u2014 en la intimidad. La comunidad que castiga a Hester se muestra, en el fondo, profundamente hip\u00f3crita: moralistas en p\u00fablico, c\u00f3mplices en silencio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los s\u00edmbolos m\u00e1s complejos de la literatura es precisamente la letra escarlata \u201cA\u201d. Al principio representa \u201cad\u00faltera\u201d, pero con el tiempo y con la transformaci\u00f3n de Hester, su significado cambia. Para algunos llega a significar \u201c\u00e1ngel\u201d, para otros \u201cartesana\u201d o incluso \u201cadmirable\u201d. Esa evoluci\u00f3n simb\u00f3lica muestra c\u00f3mo el juicio social puede cambiar, c\u00f3mo una marca impuesta puede ser resignificada por la dignidad y la constancia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los personajes son inolvidables. Hester Prynne es una mujer fuerte, digna, desafiante ante la humillaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica. A lo largo de la novela, se convierte casi en una figura m\u00edstica, sabia, compasiva. Arthur Dimmesdale es el ministro querido por su comunidad, pero est\u00e1 destrozado por dentro. Su lucha interna es uno de los primeros grandes retratos psicol\u00f3gicos en la literatura estadounidense. Roger Chillingworth, el esposo de Hester, regresa en secreto y se consume en su obsesi\u00f3n por la venganza, encarnando la corrupci\u00f3n del alma por el odio. Y Pearl, la hija de Hester, es el s\u00edmbolo viviente del pecado, pero tambi\u00e9n del amor y la verdad, con una presencia casi m\u00e1gica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hawthorne escribe con un estilo denso, simb\u00f3lico, lleno de ambig\u00fcedad moral. Su narrador reflexiona, duda, invita al lector a cuestionar desde distintos \u00e1ngulos. El uso del simbolismo es fundamental: la letra escarlata como emblema cambiante; la luz y la sombra como met\u00e1foras de la verdad y el secreto; el bosque como refugio frente al control social; la plataforma del cadalso como lugar de exposici\u00f3n, donde todo se revela, a diferencia de los rincones donde el pecado se oculta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La letra escarlata.<\/em> no es solo una historia sobre el pecado. Es una reflexi\u00f3n profunda sobre la condici\u00f3n humana, la doble moral, la represi\u00f3n social y la posibilidad de redenci\u00f3n. Fue una de las primeras novelas en desafiar el ideal de pureza moral de los Estados Unidos y en contar una historia desde el punto de vista de una mujer marginada, lo que la convierte en precursora de muchos debates actuales. Su influencia a\u00fan perdura en la literatura feminista, en la cr\u00edtica social y en todas las obras que exploran el conflicto entre el individuo y la sociedad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nathaniel Hawthorne, a trav\u00e9s de La letra escarlata.<\/em>ofrece un retrato atemporal de la lucha entre el juicio p\u00fablico y la verdad personal. Es una novela que incomoda, que invita a pensar, y que \u2014aunque ambientada en el siglo XVII\u2014 toca fibras universales. Su simbolismo, su profundidad emocional, su cr\u00edtica audaz, la convierten en una obra esencial, no solo del canon estadounidense, sino de la literatura universal. Y yo, al terminarla, no dej\u00e9 de pensar si mam\u00e1 me estar\u00eda viendo emocionado al leer cada p\u00e1gina.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Juan Butten I remember Mom reading an old book. 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