{"id":1202,"date":"2024-09-20T22:05:46","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T22:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/juanbutten.com\/?p=1202"},"modified":"2024-09-20T22:07:34","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T22:07:34","slug":"reflections-on-de-esclavos-y-monteros-by-alexis-read","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/juanbutten.com\/es\/reflections-on-de-esclavos-y-monteros-by-alexis-read\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflections on “De esclavos y monteros” by Alexis Read"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ya han pasado dos meses desde que este libro lleg\u00f3 a mis manos, gracias a un amigo que me lo trajo desde Santo Domingo. De esclavos y monteros<\/em> de Alexis Read, es una obra que abarca 638 p\u00e1ginas en una hermosa edici\u00f3n r\u00fastica, cuya portada muestra de forma difusa las lomas de San Jos\u00e9 de las Matas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dedicado a mis m\u00faltiples compromisos laborales, no hab\u00eda podido comenzar a leerlo. Sab\u00eda que me esperaba un viaje profundo a trav\u00e9s de su contenido, pues me hab\u00edan contado que el libro gira en torno a dos ejes principales. El primero sostiene que quienes participaron en la mayor\u00eda de los combates durante la independencia, particularmente en El Memiso y El Pinar, fueron hateros y monteros, muchos de ellos antiguos esclavos, personajes olvidados y despreciados a lo largo de la historia. La segunda premisa afirma que la ofensiva haitiana en abril de 1844 se detuvo, no en El Memiso, donde efectivamente se combati\u00f3, sino en El Pinar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La primera vez que empec\u00e9 a leerlo fue durante uno de esos largos viajes en tren, de Woodlawn a Bowling Green. Me sumerg\u00ed en medio de la locura del trayecto, disfrutando de cada p\u00e1gina. Desde ese d\u00eda, cada ma\u00f1ana lo le\u00eda con devoci\u00f3n, completamente inmerso en su mundo. Mi hijo me habl\u00f3 muchas veces mientras le\u00eda, pero yo no le entend\u00eda ni una palabra, lo que lo frustraba. Sin embargo, continu\u00e9 sumergido en el libro, dedic\u00e1ndole inicialmente una hora al d\u00eda, pero poco a poco comenc\u00e9 a leerlo en cada momento libre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este libro, en mi opini\u00f3n, es una colecci\u00f3n de varios tratados en uno. Los cap\u00edtulos del 2 al 7 constituyen un mini tratado sobre la esclavitud, y tambi\u00e9n aborda la dominaci\u00f3n haitiana y la independencia. Adem\u00e1s, se centra en la fundaci\u00f3n de Ocoa y su participaci\u00f3n en la batalla de El Pinar, un acontecimiento casi ignorado. Por lo tanto, la abundante informaci\u00f3n que aporta deber\u00eda ser de inter\u00e9s para el estudio en nuestras escuelas y universidades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El lector podr\u00eda preguntarse por qu\u00e9, si el libro trata sobre Ocoa, se extiende en informaci\u00f3n y personajes que no parecen guardar relaci\u00f3n directa con el tema. La raz\u00f3n es clara: los acontecimientos hist\u00f3ricos no ocurren de forma aislada. Por ejemplo, no se puede hablar del Maniel Viejo de Ocoa sin abordar la esclavitud en su forma m\u00e1s cruda para entender la presencia de estos seres en las monta\u00f1as de El Maniel, ni los motivos de los monteros banilejos que se adentraron en la zona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siguiendo un m\u00e9todo que va de lo general a lo particular, el autor nos lleva a trav\u00e9s de distintos episodios de la historia de la isla Espa\u00f1ola, incluyendo la perspectiva haitiana. El libro ofrece una abundante informaci\u00f3n sobre la esclavitud, un fen\u00f3meno que no surgi\u00f3 en Am\u00e9rica, sino que tiene ra\u00edces m\u00e1s antiguas. Aunque la esclavitud en La Espa\u00f1ola nunca fue tan numerosa ni cruel como en Saint Domingue, los africanos desarraigados de su tierra vivieron en condiciones precarias, obligados a adoptar una nueva identidad y religi\u00f3n. Algunos intentaron escapar en busca de la libertad, creando refugios que Read Ortiz define como espacios de libertad, no como \"ladroneras de b\u00e1rbaros\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una vez abolida la esclavitud en nuestro pa\u00eds, muchos negros fueron asimilados como peones en hatos ganaderos y en otros oficios. Este proceso de mestizaje ha originado la composici\u00f3n \u00e9tnica actual de la Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, a la que Pedro P\u00e9rez Cabral llam\u00f3 \"La Comunidad Mulata\". Estos negros y sus descendientes, junto con los monteros, fueron los verdaderos h\u00e9roes de las guerras de independencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De esclavos y monteros<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estamos ante una obra revisionista que no solo presenta hechos y cifras, sino que tambi\u00e9n cuestiona y pone en duda lo que la tradici\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica ha aceptado como dogma. \u00bfEra La Trinitaria una sociedad con caracter\u00edsticas mas\u00f3nicas? \u00bfCu\u00e1l fue realmente su papel en los eventos que precedieron la independencia? Read se atreve a desafiar estas nociones, presentando evidencias que ponen en tela de juicio la historia oficial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se rompe el mito del invencible ej\u00e9rcito haitiano. Aunque su n\u00famero y armamento eran superiores, la indisciplina reinaba en sus filas. La inclusi\u00f3n de perspectivas de autores haitianos y otros nacionalidades enriquece el relato y despoja la obra de prejuicios que han permeado la historiograf\u00eda dominicana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uno de los grandes aportes del libro es su car\u00e1cter reivindicativo. Read defiende el Maniel como un espacio de libertad, donde aquellos en busca de su derecho a ser libres encontraron refugio. El libro demuestra el papel protag\u00f3nico de los hateros y monteros, campesinos r\u00fasticos que lucharon con sus propias herramientas en las batallas de independencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Read tambi\u00e9n aborda la importancia de los combates en El Memiso y El Pinar, y hace hincapi\u00e9 en que el 13 de abril de 1844 se produjeron dos acciones armadas, una en cada lugar, minimizadas en muchas narraciones hist\u00f3ricas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otra mirada a la historia patria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexis Read, conocido por su carrera como jurista, se aventura en el campo de la historia con De esclavos y monteros<\/em>. Este libro, rico en datos, es el resultado de una exhaustiva investigaci\u00f3n que respalda su an\u00e1lisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La obra se inscribe en la corriente historiogr\u00e1fica conocida como \"historia desde abajo\", que busca visibilizar a actores olvidados por la historiograf\u00eda tradicional. Read destaca el papel de monteros, campesinos y esclavos en las luchas por la independencia nacional, enfatizando c\u00f3mo su resistencia fue crucial para contener las tropas haitianas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ijalba P\u00e9rez cuestiona c\u00f3mo la historia ha sido tradicionalmente escrita por \u00e9lites, ignorando a muchos protagonistas. El caso dominicano no es la excepci\u00f3n, y \"De esclavos y monteros\" busca corregir esta omisi\u00f3n. De esclavos y monteros<\/em> busca corregir esta omisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s de su eje central, el libro contribuye al conocimiento de la provincia San Jos\u00e9 de Ocoa y su gente. Aborda la participaci\u00f3n de esclavizados y monteros en los combates de 1844 y reconstruye los lazos familiares que unen a muchas familias ocoe\u00f1as con estos luchadores por la independencia. Read utiliza testimonios orales como herramienta para ofrecer un an\u00e1lisis m\u00e1s profundo y humano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los primeros cap\u00edtulos son un tratado sobre la esclavitud y la trata de esclavos, permitiendo al lector entender mejor su funcionamiento y sus implicaciones. Read no considera estos combates marginales, sino fundamentales para la independencia dominicana, y su narrativa revela c\u00f3mo los acontecimientos, aunque parezcan aislados, forman parte de un gran rompecabezas hist\u00f3rico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como se\u00f1ala Alberto Despradel en el pr\u00f3logo, este libro provoca reacciones y busca reescribir la historia. Al final,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como se\u00f1ala Alberto Despradel en el pr\u00f3logo, este libro provoca reacciones y busca reescribir la historia. Al final, De esclavos y monteros<\/em> es una invitaci\u00f3n a reflexionar sobre una historia m\u00e1s plural y un sentido de patria m\u00e1s amplio, donde hombres y mujeres sin voz logran ser escuchados.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Two months have passed since this book came into my hands, thanks to a friend who brought it from Santo […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nReflections on "De esclavos y monteros" by Alexis Read<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Was La Trinitaria a society with Masonic characteristics? 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